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◇The various sources of water available on the earth can be classified into following two categories: a). Source surfaces   1).Pond and Lakes  2).Streams and Rivers  3).Storage Reservoir  4).Ocean (generally not used for water supply at present)  b). Sub surface sources or Underground sources   1).Spring  2).Infiltration galleries  3).Infiltration wells  4).Wells and Tubewells  ◇ Surface sources   ~Surface sources are those sources of water in which the water flow over the surface of the earth, and is thus directly available for water supplies. ◇ Pond and Lakes   ~A natural large size depression formed within the surface of earth, when gets filled up with water is known as pond or lake.  ~The difference between a pond and a lake is only that of size. If the size of depression is comparatively small, it may be termed as pond and when the size larger it may be termed as a lake. ~The quality of water in a lake is generally go...

  WATER DEMAND   ◇ Water demand is defined as the volume of water requested by users to satisfy their needs. ◇ Types of water demands 1. Domestic water demand ~ This includes the water required in residential building for drinking ,cooking, bathing, etc .As per IS:1172-1993, the minimum domestic consumption for a town with full flushing system should be taken at 200 litre per head per day although it can be reduced to 135 litre per head per day for weaker section and LIG colony depending on upon prevailing condition. 2. Industrial water demand ~ It represents the water demand of industry which are either existing or likely to be started in future in the city for which water supply is being planned. This quantity will thus vary with the number and types of industry present in the city. The ordinary per capita consumption on the account of industrial need of a city is generally taken as 50 litre per person per day. 3. Institutional and commercial water demand ~ The water requ...